Ethics of HIV trials
Identifieur interne : 001272 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001271; suivant : 001273Ethics of HIV trials
Auteurs : Peter Aaby [Suisse] ; Abdel Babiker [Suisse] ; Janet Darbyshire [Suisse] ; Andrew Nunn [Suisse] ; Sandhi Barreto [Suisse] ; Pedro Alonso [Suisse] ; Roberto Badaro [Suisse] ; Fernando Barms [Suisse] ; Cesar Victoria [Suisse] ; Fred Binka [Suisse] ; Benon Biryahwaho [Suisse] ; Charles Byabainazima [Suisse] ; Sylvester Sempala [Suisse] ; Benon Tuguine [Suisse] ; Pontiano Kalebu [Suisse] ; Jane Kengeya-Kayondo [Suisse] ; Jimmy Whitworth [Suisse] ; Lynn Paxton [Suisse] ; Jacinto Convit [Suisse] ; Tumani Corrah [Suisse] ; Keith Mcadam [Suisse] ; Manjula Datta [Suisse] ; Yahya Dowlati [Suisse] ; Paul Fine [Suisse] ; Andy Hall [Suisse] ; Richard Hayes [Suisse] ; Shabbar Jaffar [Suisse] ; David Ross [Suisse] ; Peter Smith [Suisse, Royaume-Uni] ; Andreas De Francisco [Suisse] ; Tore Godal [Suisse] ; Jacob John [Suisse] ; Mary Ann Lansang [Suisse] ; Tessa Tan-Torres [Suisse] ; Richard Morrow [Suisse] ; Angus Nicoll [Suisse] ; Catherine Peckham [Suisse] ; David Serwadda [Suisse] ; Marcel Tanner [Suisse]Source :
- The Lancet [ 0140-6736 ] ; 1997.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Recherche médicale, Santé publique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Teeft :
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)26047-2
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
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- to stream Main, to step Curation: 001272
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uniqKey="Badaro R" first="Roberto" last="Badaro">Roberto Badaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barms, Fernando" sort="Barms, Fernando" uniqKey="Barms F" first="Fernando" last="Barms">Fernando Barms</name></author><author><name sortKey="Victoria, Cesar" sort="Victoria, Cesar" uniqKey="Victoria C" first="Cesar" last="Victoria">Cesar Victoria</name></author><author><name sortKey="Binka, Fred" sort="Binka, Fred" uniqKey="Binka F" first="Fred" last="Binka">Fred Binka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biryahwaho, Benon" sort="Biryahwaho, Benon" uniqKey="Biryahwaho B" first="Benon" last="Biryahwaho">Benon Biryahwaho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Byabainazima, Charles" sort="Byabainazima, Charles" uniqKey="Byabainazima C" first="Charles" last="Byabainazima">Charles Byabainazima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sempala, Sylvester" sort="Sempala, Sylvester" uniqKey="Sempala S" first="Sylvester" last="Sempala">Sylvester Sempala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tuguine, Benon" sort="Tuguine, Benon" uniqKey="Tuguine B" first="Benon" last="Tuguine">Benon Tuguine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kalebu, Pontiano" sort="Kalebu, Pontiano" uniqKey="Kalebu P" first="Pontiano" last="Kalebu">Pontiano Kalebu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kengeya Kayondo, Jane" sort="Kengeya Kayondo, Jane" uniqKey="Kengeya Kayondo J" first="Jane" last="Kengeya-Kayondo">Jane Kengeya-Kayondo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitworth, Jimmy" sort="Whitworth, Jimmy" uniqKey="Whitworth J" first="Jimmy" last="Whitworth">Jimmy Whitworth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paxton, Lynn" sort="Paxton, Lynn" uniqKey="Paxton L" first="Lynn" last="Paxton">Lynn Paxton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Convit, Jacinto" sort="Convit, Jacinto" uniqKey="Convit J" first="Jacinto" last="Convit">Jacinto Convit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corrah, Tumani" sort="Corrah, Tumani" uniqKey="Corrah T" first="Tumani" last="Corrah">Tumani Corrah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcadam, Keith" sort="Mcadam, Keith" uniqKey="Mcadam K" first="Keith" last="Mcadam">Keith Mcadam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Datta, Manjula" sort="Datta, Manjula" uniqKey="Datta M" first="Manjula" last="Datta">Manjula Datta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dowlati, Yahya" sort="Dowlati, Yahya" uniqKey="Dowlati Y" first="Yahya" last="Dowlati">Yahya Dowlati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fine, Paul" sort="Fine, Paul" uniqKey="Fine P" first="Paul" last="Fine">Paul Fine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Andy" sort="Hall, Andy" uniqKey="Hall A" first="Andy" last="Hall">Andy Hall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Richard" sort="Hayes, Richard" uniqKey="Hayes R" first="Richard" last="Hayes">Richard Hayes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaffar, Shabbar" sort="Jaffar, Shabbar" uniqKey="Jaffar S" first="Shabbar" last="Jaffar">Shabbar Jaffar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ross, David" sort="Ross, David" uniqKey="Ross D" first="David" last="Ross">David Ross</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Peter" sort="Smith, Peter" uniqKey="Smith P" first="Peter" last="Smith">Peter Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Francisco, Andreas" sort="De Francisco, Andreas" uniqKey="De Francisco A" first="Andreas" last="De Francisco">Andreas De Francisco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Godal, Tore" sort="Godal, Tore" uniqKey="Godal T" first="Tore" last="Godal">Tore Godal</name></author><author><name sortKey="John, Jacob" sort="John, Jacob" uniqKey="John J" first="Jacob" last="John">Jacob John</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lansang, Mary Ann" sort="Lansang, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Lansang M" first="Mary Ann" last="Lansang">Mary Ann Lansang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tan Torres, Tessa" sort="Tan Torres, Tessa" uniqKey="Tan Torres T" first="Tessa" last="Tan-Torres">Tessa Tan-Torres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morrow, Richard" sort="Morrow, Richard" uniqKey="Morrow R" first="Richard" last="Morrow">Richard Morrow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nicoll, Angus" sort="Nicoll, Angus" uniqKey="Nicoll A" first="Angus" last="Nicoll">Angus Nicoll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peckham, Catherine" sort="Peckham, Catherine" uniqKey="Peckham C" first="Catherine" last="Peckham">Catherine Peckham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Serwadda, David" sort="Serwadda, David" uniqKey="Serwadda D" first="David" last="Serwadda">David Serwadda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanner, Marcel" sort="Tanner, Marcel" uniqKey="Tanner M" first="Marcel" last="Tanner">Marcel Tanner</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:81BD20AEC1D22261FD4A872AEBCA2884E9C31BD9</idno><date when="1997" year="1997">1997</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(97)26047-2</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/81BD20AEC1D22261FD4A872AEBCA2884E9C31BD9/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno 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Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Babiker, Abdel" sort="Babiker, Abdel" uniqKey="Babiker A" first="Abdel" last="Babiker">Abdel Babiker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Darbyshire, Janet" sort="Darbyshire, Janet" uniqKey="Darbyshire J" first="Janet" last="Darbyshire">Janet Darbyshire</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nunn, Andrew" sort="Nunn, Andrew" uniqKey="Nunn A" first="Andrew" last="Nunn">Andrew Nunn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barreto, Sandhi" sort="Barreto, Sandhi" uniqKey="Barreto S" first="Sandhi" last="Barreto">Sandhi Barreto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso, Pedro" sort="Alonso, Pedro" uniqKey="Alonso P" first="Pedro" last="Alonso">Pedro Alonso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Badaro, Roberto" sort="Badaro, Roberto" uniqKey="Badaro R" first="Roberto" last="Badaro">Roberto Badaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barms, Fernando" sort="Barms, Fernando" uniqKey="Barms F" first="Fernando" last="Barms">Fernando Barms</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Victoria, Cesar" sort="Victoria, Cesar" uniqKey="Victoria C" first="Cesar" last="Victoria">Cesar Victoria</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binka, Fred" sort="Binka, Fred" uniqKey="Binka F" first="Fred" last="Binka">Fred Binka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Biryahwaho, Benon" sort="Biryahwaho, Benon" uniqKey="Biryahwaho B" first="Benon" last="Biryahwaho">Benon Biryahwaho</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Byabainazima, Charles" sort="Byabainazima, Charles" uniqKey="Byabainazima C" first="Charles" last="Byabainazima">Charles Byabainazima</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sempala, Sylvester" sort="Sempala, Sylvester" uniqKey="Sempala S" first="Sylvester" last="Sempala">Sylvester Sempala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuguine, Benon" sort="Tuguine, Benon" uniqKey="Tuguine B" first="Benon" last="Tuguine">Benon Tuguine</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalebu, Pontiano" sort="Kalebu, Pontiano" uniqKey="Kalebu P" first="Pontiano" last="Kalebu">Pontiano Kalebu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kengeya Kayondo, Jane" sort="Kengeya Kayondo, Jane" uniqKey="Kengeya Kayondo J" first="Jane" last="Kengeya-Kayondo">Jane Kengeya-Kayondo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whitworth, Jimmy" sort="Whitworth, Jimmy" uniqKey="Whitworth J" first="Jimmy" last="Whitworth">Jimmy Whitworth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paxton, Lynn" sort="Paxton, Lynn" uniqKey="Paxton L" first="Lynn" last="Paxton">Lynn Paxton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Convit, Jacinto" sort="Convit, Jacinto" uniqKey="Convit J" first="Jacinto" last="Convit">Jacinto Convit</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corrah, Tumani" sort="Corrah, Tumani" uniqKey="Corrah T" first="Tumani" last="Corrah">Tumani Corrah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcadam, Keith" sort="Mcadam, Keith" uniqKey="Mcadam K" first="Keith" last="Mcadam">Keith Mcadam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Datta, Manjula" sort="Datta, Manjula" uniqKey="Datta M" first="Manjula" last="Datta">Manjula Datta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dowlati, Yahya" sort="Dowlati, Yahya" uniqKey="Dowlati Y" first="Yahya" last="Dowlati">Yahya Dowlati</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fine, Paul" sort="Fine, Paul" uniqKey="Fine P" first="Paul" last="Fine">Paul Fine</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Andy" sort="Hall, Andy" uniqKey="Hall A" first="Andy" last="Hall">Andy Hall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Richard" sort="Hayes, Richard" uniqKey="Hayes R" first="Richard" last="Hayes">Richard Hayes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jaffar, Shabbar" sort="Jaffar, Shabbar" uniqKey="Jaffar S" first="Shabbar" last="Jaffar">Shabbar Jaffar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ross, David" sort="Ross, David" uniqKey="Ross D" first="David" last="Ross">David Ross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Peter" sort="Smith, Peter" uniqKey="Smith P" first="Peter" last="Smith">Peter Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>London WC1E 7HT</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Francisco, Andreas" sort="De Francisco, Andreas" uniqKey="De Francisco A" first="Andreas" last="De Francisco">Andreas De Francisco</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Godal, Tore" sort="Godal, Tore" uniqKey="Godal T" first="Tore" last="Godal">Tore Godal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="John, Jacob" sort="John, Jacob" uniqKey="John J" first="Jacob" last="John">Jacob John</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lansang, Mary Ann" sort="Lansang, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Lansang M" first="Mary Ann" last="Lansang">Mary Ann Lansang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan Torres, Tessa" sort="Tan Torres, Tessa" uniqKey="Tan Torres T" first="Tessa" last="Tan-Torres">Tessa Tan-Torres</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrow, Richard" sort="Morrow, Richard" uniqKey="Morrow R" first="Richard" last="Morrow">Richard Morrow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicoll, Angus" sort="Nicoll, Angus" uniqKey="Nicoll A" first="Angus" last="Nicoll">Angus Nicoll</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peckham, Catherine" sort="Peckham, Catherine" uniqKey="Peckham C" first="Catherine" last="Peckham">Catherine Peckham</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Serwadda, David" sort="Serwadda, David" uniqKey="Serwadda D" first="David" last="Serwadda">David Serwadda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanner, Marcel" sort="Tanner, Marcel" uniqKey="Tanner M" first="Marcel" last="Tanner">Marcel Tanner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiological Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, University College London Medical School, London; Laboratorio de Epidemiologia, Centre de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Epidemiological Research Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute de Biomedicina, Area Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia; Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council for Medical Research, Madras, India; Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR.B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training on Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines; Johns Hopkins University, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; and Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">The Lancet</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">LANCET</title><idno type="ISSN">0140-6736</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1997">1997</date><biblScope unit="volume">350</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9090</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1546">1546</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0140-6736</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0140-6736</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Actg</term><term>Centre</term><term>Control group</term><term>Ethical committee</term><term>Medical research</term><term>Perinatal</term><term>Perinatal transmission</term><term>Placebo group</term><term>Public health</term><term>Regimen</term><term>Same condition</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" 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Hayes</name><name sortKey="Jaffar, Shabbar" sort="Jaffar, Shabbar" uniqKey="Jaffar S" first="Shabbar" last="Jaffar">Shabbar Jaffar</name><name sortKey="John, Jacob" sort="John, Jacob" uniqKey="John J" first="Jacob" last="John">Jacob John</name><name sortKey="Kalebu, Pontiano" sort="Kalebu, Pontiano" uniqKey="Kalebu P" first="Pontiano" last="Kalebu">Pontiano Kalebu</name><name sortKey="Kengeya Kayondo, Jane" sort="Kengeya Kayondo, Jane" uniqKey="Kengeya Kayondo J" first="Jane" last="Kengeya-Kayondo">Jane Kengeya-Kayondo</name><name sortKey="Lansang, Mary Ann" sort="Lansang, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Lansang M" first="Mary Ann" last="Lansang">Mary Ann Lansang</name><name sortKey="Mcadam, Keith" sort="Mcadam, Keith" uniqKey="Mcadam K" first="Keith" last="Mcadam">Keith Mcadam</name><name sortKey="Morrow, Richard" sort="Morrow, Richard" uniqKey="Morrow R" first="Richard" last="Morrow">Richard Morrow</name><name sortKey="Nicoll, Angus" sort="Nicoll, Angus" uniqKey="Nicoll A" first="Angus" last="Nicoll">Angus Nicoll</name><name sortKey="Nunn, Andrew" sort="Nunn, Andrew" uniqKey="Nunn A" first="Andrew" last="Nunn">Andrew Nunn</name><name sortKey="Paxton, Lynn" sort="Paxton, Lynn" uniqKey="Paxton L" first="Lynn" last="Paxton">Lynn Paxton</name><name sortKey="Peckham, Catherine" sort="Peckham, Catherine" uniqKey="Peckham C" first="Catherine" last="Peckham">Catherine Peckham</name><name sortKey="Ross, David" sort="Ross, David" uniqKey="Ross D" first="David" last="Ross">David Ross</name><name sortKey="Sempala, Sylvester" sort="Sempala, Sylvester" uniqKey="Sempala S" first="Sylvester" last="Sempala">Sylvester Sempala</name><name sortKey="Serwadda, David" sort="Serwadda, David" uniqKey="Serwadda D" first="David" last="Serwadda">David Serwadda</name><name sortKey="Smith, Peter" sort="Smith, Peter" uniqKey="Smith P" first="Peter" last="Smith">Peter Smith</name><name sortKey="Tan Torres, Tessa" sort="Tan Torres, Tessa" uniqKey="Tan Torres T" first="Tessa" last="Tan-Torres">Tessa Tan-Torres</name><name sortKey="Tanner, Marcel" sort="Tanner, Marcel" uniqKey="Tanner M" first="Marcel" last="Tanner">Marcel Tanner</name><name sortKey="Tuguine, Benon" sort="Tuguine, Benon" uniqKey="Tuguine B" first="Benon" last="Tuguine">Benon Tuguine</name><name sortKey="Victoria, Cesar" sort="Victoria, Cesar" uniqKey="Victoria C" first="Cesar" last="Victoria">Cesar Victoria</name><name sortKey="Whitworth, Jimmy" sort="Whitworth, Jimmy" uniqKey="Whitworth J" first="Jimmy" last="Whitworth">Jimmy Whitworth</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Smith, Peter" sort="Smith, Peter" uniqKey="Smith P" first="Peter" last="Smith">Peter Smith</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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